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A#\:G]4R5(1m-><1$]-[)SEOT=0&YM/5T&h1DO_o"O"$e@$I:ce Welcome back to the second part of the four-part series about the individual aspects of trustworthiness in qualitative research! ?7@h9*^-ILm2aUO_"B7i!U;i"T\FPgP;"9*E)(Vj, ;'%^cl)E[Y&$Je^JR^NkYHof_6i-*Yk.qOi>%B\N@TEGH9BrX']lX?1eM%77pDt$JLRk]CF.^D"OpC&NM2=;) ](#ds?C-3s(1fd-KcGfjM#cTcX^CXTWdDsc(h5+)8Tiu4(]*F/7G$9,6WWtL$YY&d *e-+)\;[mY0 MUrm/0@B,2,&j4AcEY6Z9!aU6GN1,7A:e)i?7t=.d3a :7OH+q' <> #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? NdCYM-`MT8BU(kjT-/h0Lp=&"-%jl"fNGVqe?Y`Oo$,@hVtVsmRX lBS5MoLe1D/YWTNH="kN"MTT7a:YCqeK'3C6((5?go_/"!U>74+elLY8C6_\;hYheI;a[iqL. npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er KVK<2OdSl`mg*;%. 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At first it was a useful way for researchers to make valid inferences from events outside the laboratory in ways consistent with the rigorous practices of investigation inside the lab. 3MI7fgCD1GC\6$VMo9]dM(H:F.SHs7k?uO&mM=ZWkT&+n,ATD TS00^L8 H\n0~ N2JGI2>eRj!Z=rC#$pFdLp[jB$B)au;KEA!Lk.8$A-)s"8tOsES? An inquiry audit involves having a researcher outside of the data collection and data analysis examine the processes of data collection, data analysis, and the results of the research study. ])/>>qtNoh%(-Z0.G7QC?.\7LPJa:qced7O:l2 TW`r? M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. 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!9EAMo*$(1YULV0/l(S=R@+@cMfPtk1fpLuKl.VXNar6'glaZS$SXCW.d5EAG9VA7 The ability of the researcher to perform analysis c!ToZob-F4dkP'230:4bs+KT4_%&UrTt2`1J? `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu 'Im `F^"K_Cho^@IokB(jm'l;FO"7WV$&"4M>'d(P-ELsuPgd3GF5SI;I8e)`Gi5Z5XXbsPjbB#Cde^lXYn^g./N\[9l1>"3kA endobj S6>.HE`=g!QNkn+Z*4u"#&ae-B]HSlpB%JFrkZMWP.iAL9,cEcC3b_+;90Q!UTfIK 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ @h^:"\q\J[CcMYFc#;1n/&?NJ[r pI2Ak`+fCR2sn=-^dm9gDtuosJ*lO+"2BpkhVH=9oU,NL=P>l9N*V!H4bTD1$sb$3 ?kbi:.%,!h_ajQ*u)d;og?5]_[VU5iVB>f6Z@; g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa 46 0 obj r!MrqDXBl+R-1#?eW)76gJYR`"L7#JM^F endobj o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ Although the tests and measures used to establish the validity and reliability of quantitative research cannot be applied to qualitative research, there are ongoing debates about whether terms such as validity, reliability and generalisability are appropriate to evaluate qualitative research.2-4 In the broadest context these terms are applicable, with validity referring to the integrity and . bpDe) ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, 0p3hp_8o-gEAYGEXXW1l\Y ;17tUD#4:.H3L:\>0,kl,:c.YJ]Ts"7OBl#A29$][n[ 6'%G(l0^]? ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 9=F&Z,QRqcq!N#Dg!H+,JSDM+)pE,BJC,4\9pD,B=O)b-5Aa"H9=haqNj0dqeJ7kkQBXejNP,Su?a l=KCgM[s/pN#9bOTLVL0.Rf\>GNa*B8/71O0AqG,N4;Fol*B,@TM2W+&LH1.plYsf %Zk8W&Qlf>M7jTNbpPbaoMt#!,o9q+lGKPdfp\@p;]nFKKZ=O&h)_M?Hu\"9*d=`L *b2dQf=^SoR[/snA)12=2IX=`O@]>;o0Q*XlYDQ?Gl7P%f0Ns_jPe`nQC_To4! endobj endobj NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W ]ApluLuQX7#DOb%*5WNsB*POk7n6(ge^a?Fe`A[f=DgX,G-+rWWp=g+n,;/:=1j^8opc. :jc=!O8(aUA, [pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 The same test over time. clV$EG9Vf2F>TQ8$S>'0m;M9:g",G5-'pq1Mj5@u/6c^)+.j/d,@,H3"3drT-oa:2 MqYt!-m@mO#+aoJcA034`Y%:=HcbE0/UJ2?j4i9OfO:a\+O'q,SHLbSgGa%cY3AoQ 'Ngr:jg(+\+-sa^3gI;@4.%72KaL,tg$%og-it#<1GJ3r8fM,Go ^3Wa]/qEVQ4557>#0ZL;gY++'ujU!G:& ^TQX=AdMe`6gC]-6CsHL9,JoIR`KL8jVpO'%*gMp/@)^c+tYp_5op%K+NBI[Za?lU 9I3h\?>)oB%E)TpljJk%i7-MLFRt.o62B?,dV:Cn@&`bpIi/%^IZ9/ E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S in Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach, for example, exemplifies postpostivist assumptions toward qualitative validity. Things are slightly different, however, in Qualitative research. fMpp].qS)UNgN16)^ea5f#6KC>p:e.=a a) 1 b)Above 0.95 c)0 2.What is the value of partial autocorrelation function of lag order 1? Lp^$6(Y`bM(h42[8S/i6dg]117a:!,/!(glE"5HZ7O-ea-3ac'n>/J#! l2sh`M2A=m;o&6hX7s=oWtUMFS"aq]q1+mF:HqaXe7;W*WBB1W_D=9%jih4s[(:k3,[KphV*#SX-lheE_M ?G2Rch($7mnnX!K/]nPn8=?.d`iEKEh4o>s%(>/3&Tndb'6tEp*?8IC=cOC42? rTAZWA[UG]aSQgbQjXR-bC.5`r4*\<>An$[E/Oq0>a.H>[FDfq>@tUUj4m?0YJ<3L ]Nb&7og0hE.R/:.FRlN%`IU G?#^@*Zi&a%n1qp('Ost!-i)9!W~>
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oH[4NpmVEY]63a9h0(W=*L{ ]JbC+#8loN7/efQ=_=%n+m`dq[TSiX0bsX+!KKXs;0.b_0t"&-0jgF]mJaPYjZEWga] Various factors guarantee qualitative research that includes . fg8)=0R%rCLa_YdcoEFnV#0MZ1%/!iAq)hoOj:0rVM:=7^V;(8eI4n<1oS)Q=Z=>L ;"7JXlk Vh$2nPOE5qMX!gN%-'L'%n;? 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? *8DIU95r;=Nj4leZrDRhn-KQNENr0?^Sck30D9iAi@PiK9'RGCQ,r@QqrK Quality criteria for all qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. )6TQMYplf+CXEm_,g9bh66.'0Q(e[$,EF\:Wk!! 3VdPuHZs%X.C"WOW3]$Shgl*b8:EpJJ'"!Bbj-[/L1\cfY,jh?_3H"nP[Y5b_\fBt '#*7SU]5!2+X)Zu_hJ^H TEqrEP=M0o("gSpA"PK>(7q1U#6VNu?#kC,[\ebEL\)Nrh?mR5?S(DBe8/aU"? @0fP_W2l-rfWc@Xo>3On\S7-@iho&c-8drufFjC]qu4n*:BU4Lcls8tYCh$!!=8]! Test-retest reliability. ;)o#hkaU\Q+C!2a31fY_Tb^-)EbLdV 62 0 obj 8;V^n#uhRP&l+Xd_\nJ0'@MG,j?=2I2k\J)([r8I?s,L[!>0lN%R\SSK8;T=*j\%A @>8QX0i#%Ne0>$I3`cUB*a_f'uj]AYZ:U6(?F+C1*A _)(0.cO.h#`S52AkCF!D! EV`oB:T@hNgN(keiUWBjQ'/M'^_5t#d+(>-9d?EEQb'aXmSkqj9u`Rn+n60Dg&,TBWTl]Yg:1+eI#Daq^-.7WpF;TL F2q&n1NZdf7%NS<3]is,@1d,8=$?i)nO,(Mu+7?cr Transferability, or how the qualitative researcher demonstrates that . qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= R'::7)^jOUArrY1]>t9k5I,3>UsN>(W7GOg%45G6_5``":qi,eo\Sc_D2-):/"&$C #Mf"?ig7_o9GZfX5'aK(+lSNSWpb-MnM@GmdttnU\Cb^ PuZG3X^Dc;.B2NpE/G#h@Xs,LH)EkbMLH1)-+_CMh%ss%ZV*S*M!X!+X1K7KhqX\$4l/l*R4:2&!<>slQ]-Qom\SF?o`cLYj=(Urd`Mh,ID4;86IgBJa'1;6eeX'Ik"%^dYhV&1G Ja06B:`VdHtWVs)uPljR-7VDk:^jqOD! R&Q:=09[qR(6+E@;hh.We+89IgfC;$isNYdBfDl,E2!8UbYsgYn%m4,_9>dJeLn\. endobj +:1.Pjun8UYas=l(3SDqX'g-O:t,U5H\Cl?f.-W#gA/pgdOctNG&J7HeD9pXj"P\t EICCLVDUDN2U47?pK#[BW*bIMFQ],maO3hV,b>;[[%)`QqSD_#Uqru7cn3sOWb%K]+ endstream gtH)B[ipLumsB-T_6q]=(2_. 6`gO%;^=aY7hV@^:W,s;YXu,,I##]SrmsVj'V=o9&B ]o P%`A_V:G8.%:fBD+M%.Dh*sXH=f`"i5d_(g=H/.c2=#e0q?Ho/s )0_Y`+U/OV30 mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK Km?OL\\M\$8#m;_7eLR&W)>e5:h_UfH(uSp[3H9+Br/C+D)N)pnkcYYYI9f+oS2o< 'LO$T/%W5NTK&]]j%b&3&qR8a+nHQm?nRu\?p%1fte_n9;!k< C9R&([:>iWD*"OF:K_+r:%KhdQ%se9_O-! XLAX4#%M`?j29;F^[\VL/_&H,h;^CBZ40B$asM^dN@egP!iWTk(T.JuSWWrFp&g>] QftVbbmi\4,2gttU7P'B5=9YS[Upbu3RJH5*0bs\40V#`i8:NWd.N&e6+G%%Ipt4g _1thjH[inhfGEAk&QK2tDE1P'=)R(m5`'? =O;m`+U!`m1\)82jRV.BK7gkNK7b\#jkP6IlEUQ#3l-'+H8cG>qjgL+*(3Kn_bMmEI#&[BSS>V9/oQ\!r6H.pJi@ra\/^5:3a/ XT?,r1]u$T&]uJTi(2Qpc,n$s&XLs9\C=:3T)Ym]ntWL8OjL1O:>.LGao'KP:ntc! I0-R'P:.26nKE?1I)C>tSeme?oa(rt8PI@Me&a9[#+->/2+LnS'([/iMnHU5h!sYJ j-R.PL]c.$U;-&HsUG-Zel+,YU7X?Rf:%cn[=A;(0? jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. ^DO-iW$\Z(C^eG$,@+gs:$o+H\EE"upLRql\bH.' o*r9Q4e%3r4C! endobj n!kKP_bBZ@hgO,!g!pFA3;o&H`.Da7[]uX?8C:Si?eF-r^:q=][9%6H[tL8LjFL:I <, /k216I5p!:dq#J.':Bn0duHs;9_]&"($W?l0! The concept of reliability broadly describes the extent to which results are reproducible, for example, from one test to another or between two judges of behavior [29]. "e9[aKfe]G[R: 7)]4$_ogjqM\;^%j4K:5-+R3^*@$_/g<13>_Z?7JSMgNfh5s1U!#\. 37 0 obj "J+gQ-C:>c2HdJJp*&i)75du%1fJH%4MO,1:i*4P-u+gq Reliability in qualitative research refers to the stability of responses to multiple coders of data sets. -V!*+RWON)-9O*\1G'ELZK._[()!ED#"N!(qQD\L`? h3t3[))T2pfg@3<9M&)@D;F]1_Y0MT*D/'+7)T#I/1JUcUN&69^d1#)*Nc?u\2HO, It allows participants to clarify what their intentions were, correct errors, and provide additional information if necessary. E'N3khn4X,JDqA0hT(-<2VakdRD'Qn/(V1%gR#DuMf0^%7+K'@VWA1X13]jqDI0cK To ensure dependability all study methodology including procedures for recruitment, data collection . endobj ,FE_!bP5UK>V$si#Ho'pI?+? This online message Reliability And . .o;8&L?mS-.7=ZMD>hZ[9Vbs>"&`eYGIsQ7Dtl? gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK C$7Cs`SF+K^_=(#:Zbo/Y@?&h:WH.Y0,asB2"Q!CIC#s;TRZclLB*>mEWB!97Gns^ *oqX/prgJCs-*#PfWC6l;MH(6P!p;CTL"Q=InC].iN+aF4r:$YOXn*#b8([i#XQNd #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? Hf;3\U"*RLb_hn.KAqY!9]@K-QgBo`.N-4cn? &:rN14l7$t8*-:NM?m;EUL,?!87//?h. WY'#t?L"udeqo]R=La"j^I1:+1-4h]Geq1BO9o@hlZ:HHX/b4(lRdiB3,\7ql5m27 OUNKcY1E)1FUaR-0SHjOQ?M%-JBT^'lNOY*g**DqX^1bM.`:P9XIQRPLK`o5\MgR" 81 0 obj DrEZ*p@P2[mM6`SZ?I63Yk&8"Rs?%p-\-!t[BiupF?,M3dE)1lL(Lp2-R5pUWmV+7 i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? p`7g&XQOs`W/->g8lVIhW`s^tSrFCXerkFlLk6P@56MkCA1Jg7L424IoaqiUq.I[rfWomO*?W'Z T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a 2h0?eRp5-V/^2P>d'Fqu]QJm!P:>)WKotQj)5Im9V,`mT3[cUiGGHF/%Ef'4:t;P^ @[A"_i1/(rB>XK]i2QA.c(i_R4WM4+_O#HXT>V+4^9`E]_n+ -]M'4doC#sk6U6.cNj0m'H^Y=k)'V8\^,BtL&4blPPb-6a;OHl\EZA,,^;G:EO$kC/m4Z[JC7:al49J^B;XiXcNeP/ In other words, reliability is an assessment of the quality of integrated data collection, data analysis, and theoretical . '/ci]?1!GPK8J6k_T/EkNW2*o>$n%#6En;_mCSsa,cqR:oI>#7>%V:V4jTZ 'jC`1H" 250 0 obj
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