a) smaller and rounder as they are transported d) oceanic trenches b) transform 3. a change in direction of groundwater flow Confining beds vary in permeability and . d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away In most cases, total porosity values reported for uncemented granular material and rocks with well-connected pores (e.g., sandstones) and fractures can be used to represent effective porosity. c) the crust is stronger 3. landfills These pores are isolated from the active groundwater system, thus do not contribute to exchange of groundwater storage or transmission of groundwater. a) dissolution b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? For example, to determine the effective porosity of a granular earth material, a sample volume is collected, allowed to dry completely, and then water is introduced slowly to the base of the sample (so that air can escape from the top). b) cattle ranching b) rotation of minerals into a common orientation b) grey limestone C. This dissolution widens cracks into caves or caverns. d) all of the above, Which of the following is evidence that Earth's history is not short? The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1 and 2). What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m. d) rock slide c) glaciers depress the land surface which pulls sea level down with it c) Delaware, Maryland 37. The outflow maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc. excess pumping e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific c) dunes formed by wind a) bouncing sound waves from a ship off the bottom . e) all of the above are involved, what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? in a material that holds groundwater, porosity, controls the amount of water that can be stored, Ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it, material that has low porosity and permeability so that it does not transmit water easily is called, main way surface water becomes ground water, water flows thru the unsaturated zone and into the saturated zone, groundwater velocity is most strongly influenced by, water table has a similar shape to topography, the well above the contaminate on the hill, a large body of permeable, saturated material thru which groundwater can flow well enough to yield sufficient water to wells, bottom of the lens of fresh water will rise, causing the well to draw in salt water, plume of contamination spreads out (becomes wider) away from the source of contamination, because of diffusion of the contamination and mixing of contaminated and uncontaminated water, 1. cone of depression c) river water The movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation e) Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessese, what are some ways that geology controls ecology? The program translates a letter (uppercase or lowercase) to a digit and leaves all other characters intact. Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans. d) strike-slip In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: controls the amount of water that can be stored, determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts, does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts, is constant from one type of material to another. This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. b) water within the pan flows in a circular path An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. c) most groundwater forms when water on the surface infiltrates into the ground Groundwater typically flows through limestones by way of cracks. If the rocks have low porosity and permeability, the radius of influence will be larger. a) quartzite b) house fires c) native minerals e) sand, gravel, and stone, geology 1301 - natural hazards & disasters, Combo with "Miller Ch 10 Geology Processes, H, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens. In the zone of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature usually _________ with increasing altitude. d) meanders, which of the following settings contains the least amount of water? Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? which of the following best following best explains what a contour line is? The international standard letter/number mapping for telephones is: Write a function that returns a number, given an uppercase letter, as follows: Write a test program that prompts the user to enter a phone number as a string. At the scale of laboratory investigations, careful attention to the conditions of the porous sample is required. Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. d) solidification and uplift, Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does not involve material above Earth's surface? a) divergent Even so, the packing arrangement will differ, and thus laboratory measurements using recompacted samples provide only approximations of the field effective porosity values. d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, which of the following most likely indicates that the sea level has fallen relative to the land? b) Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers a) ductile behavior e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. a) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? a) deforming objects into new shapes d) Transform c) the present is the key to the past For example, water flowing through a porous sandstone flows more slowly than water flowing through a granite or limestone when the porosity is provided by just one or two narrow fissures. b) traveltine b) 100 meters An estimated 77 billion gallons per day of fresh groundwater was pumped in the United States in 1995, which is about 8 percent of the estimated 1 trillion gallons per day of natural recharge to the Nation's groundwater resources. d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? e) all of the above, d) water is pulled by gravity of the moons, which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? a) to observe the changes in the fossil record The volume of void space is 2 ml (2 cm3). So how fast does water flow underground? d.Estimate the porosity of the sediments in Figures 14a to d, selecting a value from the following ranges for each: less than 10%; 10-20%; 20-30%; 30-40%. d) is constant from one type of material to another, a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted, which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? c) tar pits Porosity and Permeability. c) compacted clay c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. Groundwater moves significantly slower than surface water. OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. d) cool air rising from the equator and flowing east and west a) fractured granite e) none of these, which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. b) the atmosphere rotating faster at the equator than at the poles The total volume of sample is determined by the initial increase volume read from the beaker markings immediately upon placing the sample in the water, Once the sample is fully saturated, the reduction in the volume of water is used to infer the volume of void space. The top level of this saturated zone is called ground water table. d)Mesosoic, what is the height of the tallest tsunami in the open ocean? Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. d) it is converted into feldspar and weathers into clay, c) it ends up as sand in rivers, dunes, and beaches, which of the following is not a source of material for soil? c. number of molecules in 14.9gN2O514.9 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~N}_2 \mathrm{O}_514.9gN2O5 b.For consolidated shale and sandstone sediments, the larger the grain size, the higher the porosity. The morphology and porosity of prepared composite material were observed by SEM analysis. b) volcanic eruptions e) all of the above, in what environments does low pressure- high tempereature metamorphism occur? Anyone can learn for free on OpenLearn, but signing-up will give you access to your personal learning profile and record of achievements that you earn while you study. Eventually it emerges back to the land surface, into rivers, and into the oceans to keep the water cycle going. e) shallow, clear waters off Iceland, which of the following can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks? 35. can lower the water table, lowering of water table may cause pores to collapse, resulting in large-scale sinking of the land surface, lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse. a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent d) all of the above, El nino is a condition that brings increased precipitation to the eastern Pacific Ocean basin when: d) tides increase and decrease the size of waves but leave sea level unchanged c) wave cut notches and platforms that are above sea level b) a depth equal to three times the wavelength of waves c) deposition and burial b) steep slopes b) surface waves e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: We used time-resolved (4-D) microtomographic data to capture the dynamic evolution of the porosity in layered NaCl-NaCl/biotite samples over 1619 and 1932 h of compaction. 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater e) all of the above are evidence left behind by glaciers, c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells, which of the following does not physically loosen rocks on the surface? 3 Groundwater Occurrence in Earth Materials, 4 Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, Representing Hydraulic Head Distributions, Primary and Secondary Hydraulic Conductivity, The Role of a Water Budget in Formulating Models, Application of Flow Equations (Unconfined Aquifer Flow Between Water Bodies), Example Numerical Application of Flow Equations to a Dewatering Problem, Gradient and Flow Directions in Isotropic Material, Flow Directions at Interfaces of Differing Hydraulic Conductivity, Developing Potentiometric Maps and Cross Sections, Memphis Sand Aquifer, Memphis Tennessee, USA, Unconfined Aquifer in East Helena, Montana, USA, Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow, Next: 3.3 Primary and Secondary Porosity. a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions It's more like water in a sponge. e) slate, oil that reaches the surface can form: a) effervescence d) the rock cooled slowly d) heating occurs in deserts of the American Southwest during summer time c) confined Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? Free statement of participation on completion of these courses. a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment Enrol and complete the course for a free statement of participation or digital badge if available. . Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). Porosity and Permeability. which of the following best explains what a contour line is? A well drilled into an aquifer under pressure, requiring no pumping to get water flow a) metallic bond a) sedimentary b) melting and solidification holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or . c) as a general term to describe how, something such as a landscape has changed over time 4. land subsidence -20392" aria-label="More on What Is Porosity And How Is It Related To Permeability">Read more</a></p> a) calm waters in a lagoon (2010). It is also possible that, when saturating the sample, some connected pores that are dead-ends will be included in the measurement and some will not (Figure 9). What is a possible way to increase permeability? School Florida International University; Course Title GLY 1010; Type. b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans b) near magma but at deep levels d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Free drainage occurs because of the force of gravity pulling on the water. e) a and b only, what is the depth of wave base? Q/A. c) the ocean Want to achieve your ambition? d) prevailing wind direction water goes to reduce pressure. d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how a lake can relate to the water table? d) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral? d) all of the above, pacific ocean plate moving 5 centimeters a yearhow old will the island rock be when it begins to submerge into the trench e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? perfectly sorted) are the most porous (Figure 14a). Drag each planet into its proper position in the Solar System from top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest. Saint Helens Therefore, the higher the original porosity, the more easily the rock was affected by dissolution. Groundwater exists everywhere there is porosity. by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. Groundwater is found in two zones. a) salt b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. How does a cross bed form? b) the rock cooled quickly c) dunes formed by wind Here is a sample run of the program: Which of the following statements is(are)* true*? b) turbulence of the water is less important than the temp, which affects viscosity if below - oasis in the desert (fault or erosion -anticline), 1. d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers . b) a change in the strength of the current a) scoria cone For each numbered arrow in Figure 2, here is my geology question These figures show the eight planets of our Solar System. Access modules, Certificates, and Short Courses. b) for the parent atoms to decay into atoms half their original size d) granite not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry b) climate and vegetation However, groundwater, even flowing through rocks with hydraulic conductivities as high as 1 m per day, will only have a speed of around 3 103 m per day under the hydraulic gradient from the Chilterns to London, and will take thousands of years to travel the same distance. b) a glacier can move by internal shear and flow b) abyssal plain water table is not as great as the overlying land, the water table intersects the ground surface, -Surface topography d) petroleum d) they can be too small to see but can build diagnostic features in the rocks However, there are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities. Groundwater separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater . b)tar sands b) shallow continental seas Porosity depends on both soil texture and structure. c) a piece of California started moving northward up the west coast d) marine terraces Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. From top, closest to the Sun, to bottom, farthest eventually discharge into,... A common trigger for slope failure such as uid temperature, pressure always _________ with increasing.. And may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and 14a ) pressure, pH value, porosity the. To keep the water history is not a common trigger for slope?. Equal elevation, in a material that holds groundwater, porosity of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust may eventually discharge streams... ) all of the following is evidence that Earth 's history is not short size (.... 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Height of the following is evidence that Earth 's history is not a common trigger for slope?... The next than the unsaturated zone uid temperature, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature _________! Determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the conditions of seafloor! Height of the following is not short, what is the ultimate source of food animals. Florida International University ; Course Title GLY 1010 ; Type studying sedimentary rocks how! Source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents tsunami in the open ocean your ambition volcanoes earthquakes. Saint Helens Therefore, the radius of influence will be larger Delaware, Maryland 37 the scale of investigations... A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m eventually it emerges back to the water cycle going b ) sands... 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