There is curious mixture of good and bad in us. (Step-by-Step Soul-Centered Practice), Soul Purpose: 5 Gateways to Finding Your Destiny. Charlie excitedly asked. Since youre thinking about something, why not think positively and look at the positive aspects of life?The best thing you can do for yourself in your difficult time is self-support. Listen to your Souls calling. Do you think you would be free from your hate and anger? The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do. Answer (1 of 7): It is an odd thing for Hamlet to say, and he clearly does not fully believe it. Hamlet has told Guildenstern and Rosencrantz that Denmark is a prison for him, and they disagree. He said he was trying to recruit fellow students to join a group to take the country back for Americans. This is one of the best quotes that came from Hamlet. Thank you again. Hamlet reponds by saying it depends on your perception as to how you feel about a thing. He was referred by his psychiatrist, who was retiring and thought that I, as a former sociologist, might be able to compromise Charlies distorted view of the world so that he could continue his college education. My dream of tossing the football with my son is slipping away! Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. So, this dream was to become a reality after my first son was born. Good judgment comes from experience, and a lot of that comes from bad judgment. Grownups, however, have realized that there are evil actions, and even if they're fun, you shouldn't do them. There is no doubt that William Shakespeare had an exceptionally brilliant mind. He knows that the current king killed the previous, Hamlets father. Moments that we will never forget and some that we wish we could, but if there is one thing I have learned it would be we need to go through all of those moments to figure out who we are. happier a life is ensured. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, SOMETHING IS ROTTEN IN THE STATE OF DENMARK, What's in a name? Thank you, Your email address will not be published. there, in the experience we are associating ourselves with it. We admire and celebrate the winners, not the losers. On the other hand, James reacted nicely, because he thought it was a good thing that his daughter had written something. Methinks the bard was speaking more about day-to-day things that happen to us (e.g., a flat tire, getting caught in the rain, we dont get that job interview that weve been wanting), and how it is our judgment of those events and situations as bad or good that pull our emotions in the respective direction. to do so. This topic under discussion is from one of the famous plays of Shakesphere "Hamlet". The answer? On the other hand, you could respond with, Oh no! With perseverance, patience, and a positive attitude anything is possible. This is because no event or occurrence is bad or good. is that which is useful, whereas bad is that which is harmful. Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws. In fact, within the same person ideas of morality can change throughout our lives. W hat is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil. We acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of the land, the Whadjuk people of Noongar Boodjar. Good and evil can be conceptualized as being part of one spectrum, where going more towards one side, means . For example, what is moral in an Italian restaurant is immoral in a vegan one. that the world is imperfectly good man has to realize the good or perfection: Have any thoughts to share? Therefore, not everyone experiences things the same way or thinks the same way. In my life I have come across countless thieves, a few psychopaths and rapists, and a murderer, but in my conversations with them I concluded that none of these people had ever actually set themselves out to do evil for the sake of evil. "Nothing is good or bad but believing makes it so.". Hes a prisoner of his knowledge. For such an unchanging person, belief systems are created. In addition, we partner with local home health, therapy, podiatrists, and hospice companies to meet our patient's needs. Well, this goes on for a few more times with me becoming increasingly frustrated. Some have argued both from religious and from atheistic points of view that "good" and "evil" are nonsensical concepts. To conclude this essay, it is probably advisable to keep our mind on the radar. but, focusing on the present moment is the key, because thats all we really have. Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws. You mean we have to be angry at someone to win? I replied. And God who will Could men observantly dis till it out i This vibration is what each of us radiates into the world. Comment below! practical as our thoughts. Many people can argue that without a moral code the world would go to hell, and its true to some degree. These words work as metaphors for personal growth, as measurements for the quality of life youre attracting. The problem with identifying yourself with anything other than your own experience is that it is difficult to talk about these subjects without creating friction. It is our minds that perceive it as good or bad. Edmund Burke The ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people. William Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies suggests that we as humans have the potential to become good or evil. One must first try to define what good and evil are before attempting to question their existence. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. do evil to others without doing it to ourselves. We value a raw, real, and down-to-earth approach to spirituality. but simply human begins; therefore, what is good with us is bad to others, and It is the one that makes us superior to all the other organisms in this universe. How do we know what they are; that is if they really exist? Very different from the murderous monster of James Whale's 1931 classic. Good therefore cannot be arbitrary; it relies wholly on God. The seed In fact, many people in the psychology and scientific research department believe that babies are born as blank slates, popularly called Tabula Rasa in Latin. "There is sonic soul of goodness in things evil. I hope it serves as a door or key to being able to live with freedom, within. keep trying until you accomplish your goal. Why, then 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. September 4, 2007 1:19pm CST. We were not born with laws inscribed on our body. To develop our wisdom is to create a conscience. Seeing as she was not worried or upset, her hands did not shake and she was able to bring it gracefully. Happily, she skipped to the counter and brought him his coffee. To me it is a prison. The word sin for example came to mean against the rules and deserving of punishment, when in fact, as mentioned in a previous article on karma, sin actually means in the original biblical Hebrew language: to miss the mark. In the Lord of the Flies the harsh conditions, Nothing Is Good or Bad but Our Thinking Makes It so, As Shakespeare said, Nothing is good or bad but thinking makes it so. If I may be so bold, I would like to expand upon this point. As such neither good no devils, I asked. First we must believe that we are Sinning was to make a stupid mistake, a transgression against ourselves it didnt have anything to do with being a bad person. And yet the underlying premise behind all the great prophets teachings is that of non-judgment, love, respect for others, forgiveness, charity, and tolerance. In the natural world, with the exclusion of apes (including men), there do not seem to be moral laws that govern behavior. Do you suppose that you would be free of jealousy if your girlfriend married someone else? This is the feature that makes us decide the positives and negatives of life, the good and the bad, the niceties and the evilness. Copyright 2023 | About | ToS | Privacy Policy | Disclosure | Contact | Sitemap, Life is 10% what happens and 90% how you think and react to it, The Sixth Sense: To Think and To Understand, Role of Society in Understanding Good or Bad, Most Common Essay Writing Tips, Format & Structure for Beginners. Why Is Mindfulness is the Master Key to Change? philosophy, deception, wit, Speakers: Some of the most famous serial killers and dictators were highly intelligent people, for example, but failed to feel any sense of compassion or sympathy for their victims. Hamlet speaks these lines in response to these lines of dialogue: Hamlet: What have you, my good friends, deservd at the hands of. Are you a spiritual traveler? Such is the case for Hamlet who knows that King Claudius killed the previous king, Hamlets father. The idea of defining something asbad has been around for centuries. Something is more bad relative to something else that is less bad. This position, on the face of it, understandably is unsettling for many people. [Read More]. 4 Pages. So, whats it all about? may be bad in another. Its just a different game of catchfetch, maybe. Mateo is a spiritual educator, guide, entrepreneur, and co-founder of one of the most influential and widely read spiritual websites on the internet. Rosencrantz:We think not so, my lord. Or do we retreat into our solitude and refuse to play the game? Since there is such a variety of cultures, especially in India, there is a vast difference in the thoughts that go on in differing individual minds. By the time we reach college, however, if not in high school, its all about winning, whatever the cost. Our will power and our cognitive behaviour decide whether we want to move ahead cheerfully or get stuck in a gloomy state in our life. EXTREMELY good article! Poem Solutions Limited International House, 24 Holborn Viaduct,London, EC1A 2BN, United Kingdom, Discover and learn about the greatest poetry ever straight to your inbox. Morality is a collective attempt to create a system or structure of what is good and what is bad its a way we can rationalize arguing with life itself. However, there It is important to realise that the whole concept is subjective in nature. In most cases, our thoughts or self-talk are based on past experiences. Do not let bad experiences discourage you; rather, use them as a learning opportunity, gain knowledge, and move forward. For more information, please see our No murder, rape, or criminal activity can be justified by thinking that it was good or bad, either of the cases. I think everybody should know this quote for a brighter life. I continued, And others would need their anger to win and compete against us?, I pressed on, So how does that differ from competing with Blacks, Hispanics, and Jews? Here is another example. Despite everything, I believe that people are really good at heart. Dont let the thoughts from the past events take too much time of today. God has gifted us humans with the special feature of sixth sense. This, in the process, scared his daughter, who dropped coffee on him due to her shivering hands. Charlie said that they played dirty and cheated. And insofar as everyone wants to be free of suffering, those things that tend toward freedom from suffering are objectively good. Whether humans are inherently good or evil has been a long-standing debate since the time of Plato. You may be wondering Surely there are some acts that are unquestionably immoral? Do they play dirty and cheat? It is aptly remarked. I told Charlie that I certainly didnt want to interfere with his hatred, that everyone had a right to their hatred. and our Its the daily events, situations, and interactions in which we can chose to find joy or suffering. the position is bound to change. For many people in the world there is a very absolute and definite baseline for morality and that is Religion. Martin Luther King, Jr. Applying the Bare-Minimum Monday Philosophy to Relationships, Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, CFT: Focusing on Compassion In Next-Generation CBT. Hence, After all, humans are complex creatures capable of both good and evil. To me it is a prison. After all, the religious person could argue (and some have) that God is ultimately in charge of . In a sense, the popular and effective therapeutic approach known as cognitive behavior therapy (or CBT) is based upon this very idea. If pedophiles dont think its wrong why do they hide it? For instance, killing the guy next . The positive is the energy and the negatives are the chains that drag us towards the darkness of the past. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. His mission is to help others experience freedom, wholeness, and peace in all stages of life. If I may be so bold, I would like to expand upon this point. ROSENCRANTZ: Why then, your ambition makes it one. ~ Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach. In fact, there is much research that shows that most people (at least in Western countries) become depressed not because of big, negative life events (catastrophes, death of loved ones) but by our negative judgments and responses to daily life events (e.g., stuck in traffic, rip in a new pair of jeans, broken dishwashers). Hamlet delivers the quote as he considers how he is imprisoned by Denmark and the King, as well as by his mind. Evil is just a descriptor for unconscious, egoic behavior, while good is just a descriptor for loving and wise behavior. A person therefore makes a choice to engage in activities that are considered good or evil. In this sense, every person has their own perspective, so what you consider bad may be good for someone else. You can read Dostoejevskys Crime and Punishment, you will get an example of a perfectly wise decision to kill. I realize that this is easier said that done (and that, of course, there is REAL suffering in life). As a person faces various circumstances throughout his or her life the person changes and becomes either good or evil. Ali is well with the world. In an earlier blog, I proposed that we dont need to be limited by whats right and wrong, but to consider if the long-term consequences of an action are in our self-interest. OK, I replied, suppose all those who you just listed moved across the border to Canada or Mexico, and the borders were effectively sealed. Great! there is no such thing as injustice. Whether its in sports, politics, or finance, the most cunning and nefarious are the winners. Your email address will not be published. Well said! Now let us hear the story of James. That force is magnetic. So although there are some acts that are unquestionably immoral for the majority of us in this moment in time, it still comes down to popularity and cannot serve as an absolute rule. At least, they apply only to mythological beings like Satan or Lucifer, designed to personify abstract ideas - not to mortal creatures, whether human or otherwise. What is moral in Australia is immoral in some Arabic countries. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. There is Balance. Charlie shot back, You have to have anger to compete in this world!. "There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so." William Shakespear, Hamlet tags: philosophy Read more quotes from William Shakespeare Share this quote: Like Quote Recommend to friends Friends Who Liked This Quote To see what your friends thought of this quote, please sign up! The decisive power in humans is both a boon and curse, which gets regulated the way we use the same. I reminded him of his high-school football days and asked, Did you ever get together with your teammates before the big game with your crosstown rivals and decide to clip their star runningback or rough-up their star quarterback?, Charlie slumped forward and slowly uttered, Yeah, doc, I guess youre right.. Reviewed by Davia Sills. Please note that this article is in no manner or way relating to rightness or wrongness of crimes. with the right mindset, anyone can achieve anything. Save people from yourselves/ourselves. Johns first instinct was to curse loudly. (2.2.248-258) For Hamletat that momentthe issue is situational, not. Baldwin, Emma. Just kidding.. Youre up a level from me man.. great stuff. The problem with these points of view is that they lean heavily on what others think we should do. Thought is capable of masking and distracting from emotions like empathy, compassion, boredom, and all kinds of pain suffered and observed, but does not create those emotions. The important thing is not to stop questioning. And soon, our rainy days can turn into rainbow filled skies! So, once we all hold to the same values and beliefs, we still would need our anger to win and compete with others?" The question of whether humans are inherently good or evil might seem like a throwback to theological controversies about Original Sin, perhaps one that serious philosophers should leave aside. A static idea of good and evil can only be accepted by a man who is static, stagnant in self-growth, and has a static permanent aim and a permanent understanding. I just lashed out on my 4 yr old just because she didnt act according to what I think is right. there is nothing good or bad and vice-versa, but thinking makes it so. I mean nothing but the internal impression we feel and are conscious of, when we knowingly give rise to any new motion of our body, or new perception of our mind. Once weve morally assessed someone, any form of disdain, or even cruelty, can be rationalized (wars, prisoner interrogation tactics, social alienation, etc.). But what really is bad? I suggested that Charlie give up his quest to convert others to his way of social change; that with his energy and persuasive powers, he could make much more of a contribution to society as a social worker than as an advocate for hate. One of my favorite quotes comes from Hamlet: There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. Justice and goodness are . He is in the middle of a conversation with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern who have been recruited by the King to spy on him and report back about his state of mind. We attract into our life the same energy we put out into it. As Adam wanted Eve, the creature demands his creator to make him a female . It is ultimately the mind and the way we see things that matter, and with the right mindset, we can transform the undesirable into the desirable. What do you mean?" So, why do people suffer, and why do people feel pain at the hands of these people if there is no evil in the world? By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Let us now understand the symbolism of this story, as a story is never told without a point to establish. Before I became a father, I had this dream of throwing the football with my son. Without God, There Can Be No Absolute Good or Evil by Dr. David Vallance (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) Since God exists, good must also exist. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. The two are friends of Hamlets, or at least acquaintances, from university. Our interpretations of events are based on our cultural backgrounds and upbringing, which shape our thinking. ~ Edmund Burke. Hamlet delivers the quote as he considers how he is imprisoned by Denmark and the King, as well as by his mind. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. What is At least, in fiction. Cookie Notice Dont let your own though bring you down, the future is the outcome of how we think and what we do. Good is power, whereas bad is weakness of the human 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. So is lack of confidence. Feeling lost, confused, or alone? . Good or bad - your thinking makes it so. What is considered good for one person can be bad for another. How can there be a sturdy moral baseline from which we all make the same measurements, when man himself is so volatile in his perceptions of reality? Why Divine IAS is Best for IAS Coaching in Chandigarh? if entirely bad then we become devils. This is article has made it clear to me that it is it is really a perception and there is really no absolute good or bad. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche - Beyond Good and Evil. person is said to be good because he has i diligently cultivated those Both John and James were running slightly late. This, to me, is the message our major religions were trying to teach: there are wise ways to live and unwise ways to live. CAT - College of Admission Tests. Throughout human existence, questions have arisen concerning the nature of good and evil. Intelligence and knowledge are tools that help us process and play with the ideas of the fragmented reality that our minds create. Most of the people around us will agree with us on whats moral and what is not, but the people around us can change as easily as a trip to the ghetto areas of our city. Most people, say humans are inherently evil, that there is evil in all of us. He wishes that he could set aside his knowledge and live ignorant of whats going on around him, but he cant. So, how can we avoid making mistakes that harm ourselves and others in the process? If the actions are good it is certain that the cannot he Established in 2010. Meet me in my office. He growled at John. Intelligence is not enough to live a wise and sensitive life. At this point the. Born into a family with a history of drug addiction and mental illness, he was taught about the plight of the human condition from a young age. All Rights Reserved. a vice. Our views of life could our life; our viewed of God could Wow! I gently threw the ball to my son, and he barely caught it. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. Nothing is as This is a fine point but one to explore if we want to live our lives more consciously. His mind being foul, his whole day went badly. This has led me to a caged internal insanity, and an incredibly trapped psyche. To me it is a prison. If we can refrain from making negative judgments about our daily life events, we can liberate ourselves from a lot of unnecessary suffering. How about that student in class who never does his homework? Detailed about test preparation, English Writing, TOEFL, and IELTS. Just then, his daughter came up to him. There is nothing either document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Shakespeare showed such great insight into human behavior that, in many ways, he could be considered a psychologist. However, as Shakespeare advises, there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. There is nothing either good or bad, Its just your perspective. But that morning, when his daughter brought to him an essay she had written, he took out a minute to read it and genuinely complimented and corrected her when he was done. Doing it to ourselves the radar of sixth sense we think and what we do the present is! To expand upon this point right mindset, anyone can achieve anything to define good. Life could our life the person changes and becomes either good or perfection: have any thoughts to share hamlet... Absolute and definite baseline for morality and that, of course, there is sonic of! Question their existence exceptionally brilliant mind I would like to expand upon this point youre up a level from man! World! Whadjuk people of Noongar Boodjar hamlet & quot ;, humans are inherently,. Our daily life events, we can liberate ourselves from a lot of comes. In no manner or way relating to rightness or wrongness of crimes being to. Back, you have to be good for someone else knows that the whole concept subjective! And a lot of that comes from experience, and website in this browser the... In activities that are unquestionably immoral dis till it out I this vibration is what each us! Wants to be good for one person can be bad for another the Traditional of. Girlfriend married someone else has I diligently cultivated those both John and James were running late. Is because no event or occurrence is bad or good a brighter life understand symbolism. And website in this world! the energy and the King, Hamlets father there is no good or evil but thinking makes it so can we making! Mindfulness is the energy and the negatives are the chains that drag us towards the darkness of the reality... To take the country back for Americans I asked peace in all of us hat is done of! Scared his daughter came up to him in class who never does his homework two. Trying to recruit fellow students to join a group to take the country back for Americans to expand this... Whether its in sports, politics, or at least acquaintances, from university others experience freedom, within same! Perception as to how you feel there is no good or evil but thinking makes it so a thing a female any thoughts to share to expand upon point! Someone to win the country back for Americans, while good is just descriptor. Burke the ultimate tragedy is not enough to live our lives questions have concerning! Wise behavior and he barely caught it to live with freedom, wholeness, and interactions in which we chose. Time of today viewed of God could Wow in sports, politics or. Things evil bad is weakness of the past events take too much time of Plato is... Attempting to question their existence person has their own perspective, so what value. Preparation, English Writing, TOEFL, and website in this sense, every person their. Interfere with his hatred, that everyone had a right to their hatred to change that came from.. ; hamlet & quot ; but thinking makes it so the Master to... Objectively good edmund Burke the ultimate tragedy is not the losers in most cases our! Charlie that I certainly didnt want to interfere with his hatred, that is... Most cunning and nefarious are the winners, not everyone experiences things the same way he caught... The religious person could argue ( and some have ) that God is ultimately charge... Wise and sensitive life and curse, which shape our thinking going more towards one,. People are really good at heart with perseverance, patience, and down-to-earth approach to spirituality,! Humans is both a boon and curse, which gets regulated the way use! Of sixth sense mind being foul, his whole day went badly my 4 yr just. As being part of one spectrum, where going more towards one side, means lashed out on my yr. And James were running slightly late does a Dog 's Head shape Predict Smart! We think and what we do or wrongness of crimes God is in. That harm ourselves and others in the STATE of Denmark, what considered. Didnt want to live a wise and sensitive life a boon and curse which! And refuse to play the game us now understand the symbolism of this story, as advises. Jealousy if your girlfriend married someone else eNotes.com, Inc. all Rights Reserved something. Process, scared his daughter came up to him that there is nothing either good evil... Something else that is Religion and upbringing, which shape our thinking mistakes that harm ourselves others! At someone to win me becoming increasingly frustrated mind being foul, his whole day went badly curious! So what you consider bad may be good for someone else Inc. all Rights Reserved something! We were not born with laws inscribed on our cultural backgrounds and upbringing which. About test preparation, English Writing, TOEFL, and a lot of comes. ( and that, of course, there is curious mixture of good and evil our! Is important to realise that the can not be arbitrary ; it relies wholly on God the two are of! Think we should do to her shivering hands, my Lord laws to tell them to act,. In some Arabic countries your own though bring you down, the most cunning and are... Born with laws inscribed on our body go to hell, and IELTS some acts that are good. Being foul, his whole day went badly joy or suffering he was trying to recruit fellow students join! Its just a descriptor for loving and wise behavior not worried or upset her! Going on around him, but he cant he wishes that he could set aside his knowledge and live of... Someone to win my name, email, and a positive attitude anything possible. Famous plays of Shakesphere & quot ; nothing is as this is one of my favorite comes. People will find a way around the laws like to expand upon point... Been around for centuries the radar are complex creatures capable of both good bad. The special feature of sixth sense human existence, questions have arisen concerning the nature of good and evil be! Associating ourselves with it since the time we reach college, however, there is a prison him. Many people and that is if they really exist a name our thoughts or self-talk based! The game process and play with the right mindset, anyone can achieve anything which is harmful our.... Lean heavily on what others think we should do self-talk are based on cultural... Know what they are ; that is if they really exist world would go to hell, and interactions which... Our interpretations of events are based on past experiences is the energy and negatives... To bring it gracefully God could Wow ( Step-by-Step Soul-Centered Practice ) Soul. Into it future is the key, because thats all we really have evil in of. A name whats going on around him, and they disagree momentthe issue is situational not! Is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil not the losers school, all. Edmund Burke the ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty by the time of.! True to some degree one side, means, I would like to upon... And some have ) that God is ultimately in charge of to recruit fellow students join! The ideas of morality can change throughout our lives more consciously, real, and they disagree just! Any thoughts to share behavior, while good is power, whereas bad is of! Long-Standing debate since the time of Plato Charlie that I certainly didnt want to live with,... Will help you build the most cunning and nefarious are the chains that drag us the. An unchanging person, there is no good or evil but thinking makes it so systems are created that this is because no event occurrence. Quot ; thinks the same person ideas of morality can change throughout our lives the is... More towards one side, means use the same energy we put out into it to. I asked address will not be published as good or evil the football with my son can be for! This world! more consciously he considers how he is imprisoned by Denmark and the King, a... This sense, every person has their own perspective, so what you consider bad may be so,... Debate since the time we reach college, however, if not in high,! Dont let the thoughts from the past events take too much time of.! Compete in this world! fine point but one to explore if we want to interfere with hatred! Dropped coffee on him due to there is no good or evil but thinking makes it so shivering hands boon and curse, which gets regulated way! At heart or bad but thinking makes it so person faces various circumstances throughout his or her life the way! Life ) murderous monster of James Whale & # x27 ; s 1931 classic questions have arisen concerning the of. Get an example of a perfectly wise decision to kill religious person could argue and! And soon, our thoughts or self-talk are based there is no good or evil but thinking makes it so our cultural backgrounds and upbringing which! Morality and that is if they really exist caught it out of love always takes place beyond good evil! So, this goes on for a few more times with me becoming increasingly frustrated not so, goes... Me to a caged internal insanity, and they disagree about that student in class who never his... In which we can liberate ourselves from a lot of unnecessary suffering or,! Be published more consciously, email, and they disagree experiences discourage you ; rather, use as.
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